<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC '-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN'  'http://www.docbook.org/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd'><article><articleinfo><title>NeuroanatomyTutorial</title><revhistory><revision><revnumber>42</revnumber><date>2013-03-27 18:33:07</date><authorinitials>OlafHauk</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>41</revnumber><date>2013-03-27 18:23:48</date><authorinitials>OlafHauk</authorinitials><revremark>Revert to revision 38.</revremark></revision><revision><revnumber>40</revnumber><date>2013-03-27 18:19:36</date><authorinitials>OlafHauk</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>39</revnumber><date>2013-03-27 18:18:20</date><authorinitials>OlafHauk</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>38</revnumber><date>2013-03-07 21:24:27</date><authorinitials>localhost</authorinitials><revremark>converted to 1.6 markup</revremark></revision><revision><revnumber>37</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 12:04:00</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>36</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 11:54:57</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>35</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 11:51:55</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>34</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 11:40:36</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>33</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 11:34:14</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>32</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 11:29:34</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>31</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 11:23:22</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>30</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 11:18:59</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>29</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 11:10:38</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>28</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 11:05:11</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>27</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 11:04:31</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>26</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 11:02:35</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>25</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 11:00:57</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>24</revnumber><date>2013-02-15 10:56:46</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>23</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 20:11:17</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>22</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 20:08:52</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>21</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 20:05:52</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>20</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 19:57:57</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>19</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 19:50:29</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>18</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 19:44:39</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>17</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 19:38:12</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>16</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 19:29:05</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>15</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 19:22:45</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>14</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 19:17:52</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>13</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 19:10:47</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>12</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 19:10:26</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>11</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 18:56:39</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>10</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 18:50:24</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>9</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 18:46:40</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>8</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 18:44:47</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>7</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 18:41:34</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>6</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 18:41:10</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>5</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 18:39:26</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>4</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 18:35:17</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>3</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 18:29:10</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>2</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 18:27:26</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>1</revnumber><date>2013-02-14 18:20:30</date><authorinitials>RussellThompson</authorinitials></revision></revhistory></articleinfo><section><title>Jessica's neuroanatomy tutorial</title><para>(compiled by <ulink url="http://www.jessicagrahn.com/index.html">Jessica Grahn</ulink>) </para><para>You can also use an <ulink url="http://headneckbrainspine.com/web_flash/newmodules/Brain%20MRI.swf">interactive brain atlas</ulink>. </para><informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colname="col_0" colwidth="60*"/><colspec colname="col_1" colwidth="60*"/><tbody><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=brain_lobes.gif"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>brain_lobes.gif</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para>If only the brain really did come in colours... </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><section><title>Orientation descriptions</title><informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colname="col_0" colwidth="60*"/><colspec colname="col_1" colwidth="60*"/><tbody><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=planes.GIF"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>planes.GIF</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para><para>* Coronal - Sections looking head-on, parallel to the face</para><para>* Sagittal - Sections parallel to the side of the head</para><para>* Horizontal / transverse / axial - sections parallel to the floor </para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=Orientation.gif"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>Orientation.gif</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para><para>* Anterior / rostral- towards the front</para><para>* Posterior / caudal - towards the back</para><para>* Superior / dorsal - towards the top</para><para>* Inferior / ventral - towards the bottom</para><para>* Medial - towards the midline</para><para>* Lateral - towards the sides </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></section><section><title>The AC / PC line</title><para>The line joining the Anterior Commissure (AC) and Posterior Commissure (PC) </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=ACPCline.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>ACPCline.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>The Cerebellum</title><para>(Schmahmann, J.D., et al., Neuroimage, 1999, 10:233-260. ) </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=cerebellum_gammasurf_lobes.jpg"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>cerebellum_gammasurf_lobes.jpg</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para><para> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=gamma_sagslice.gif"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>gamma_sagslice.gif</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>The Basal Ganglia</title><para>Caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus (also called pallidum by AAL template). </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=BG.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>BG.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=BG_nooutline.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>BG_nooutline.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>The caudate, putamen, and ventral striatum (the most ventral outline)</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=Nature_ventral_striatum.jpg"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>Nature_ventral_striatum.jpg</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>The Thalamus</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=Thalamus.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>Thalamus.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>The Colliculi</title><para>  Superior colliculus and inferior colliculus.</para><para> In the z direction, once you see the colliculi, you are not in the thalamus anymore</para><para> The upper left picture has crosshairs on the superior colliculus, the rest are centred on the inferior colliculus. </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=colliculi.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>colliculi.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>Brodmann Areas</title><para>In the cortex, Brodmann areas are often used in conjunction with anatomical lables to help specify an area. </para><informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colname="col_0" colwidth="60*"/><colspec colname="col_1" colwidth="60*"/><tbody><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=brainbrodmannareas.gif"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>brainbrodmannareas.gif</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para>1, 2, 3 = primary sensory cortex</para><para>4 = motor cortex</para><para>5, 7 = secondary sensory cortex</para><para>6 = supplementary motor area (medial) and premotor cortex (lateral)</para><para>8 = frontal eye fields</para><para>9/46 = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex</para><para>10 = frontopolar cortex</para><para>11, 12 = orbitofrontal areas</para><para>17 = primary visual cortex</para><para>18, 19, 20, 21, 37 = secondary visual cortex</para><para>24, 32 = anterior cingulate cortex</para><para>41 = primary auditory cortex</para><para>22, 42 = secondary auditory cortex</para><para>39 = angular gyrus, part of Wernicke's area</para><para>40 = supramarginal gyrus, part of Wernicke's area</para><para>44/45 = Broca's Area</para><para>47 Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex</para><para>(13, 14, 15, 16, 27, 49, 50, 51 - monkey only)</para><para>Brodmann area 48 was described by Brodmann, but does not appear in his maps. </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></section><section><title>The medial temporal lobe</title><itemizedlist><listitem override="none"><para>- hippocampus</para><para> - parahippocampal gyrus (roughly corresponds to parts of Brodmann areas 27, 28, 34, 35, 36)</para><para> - amygdala</para><para> - fusiform gyrus (roughly corresponds to parts of Brodmann areas 19, 37).</para></listitem></itemizedlist><para> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=HC.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>HC.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=HCPHCFGamyg2.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>HCPHCFGamyg2.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>The lateral temporal lobe</title><itemizedlist><listitem override="none"><para>- Inferior temporal gyrus (ITG)</para><para> - Middle temporal gyrus (MTG)</para><para> - Superior temporal gyrus (STG)</para><para> - Heschl's Gyrus (HG), also called transverse temporal gyrus. Contains primary auditory cortex</para><para> - Temporal poles</para></listitem></itemizedlist><para> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=LateralTemporal1.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>LateralTemporal1.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=LateralTemporal2.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>LateralTemporal2.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>The supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas</title><para> SMA and pre-SMA, medial Brodmann area 6 </para><para> The dividing line between the pre-SMA and the SMA is often considered to be the plane of y = 0.</para><para> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=SMApre-SMA.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>SMApre-SMA.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>The anterior cingulate</title><para>Generally taken to have cognitive (red) and affective (blue) divisions.</para><para> Brodmann areas 24 and 32.</para><para> An excellent review (from which this figure was taken) is available <ulink url="http://download.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/pdf/PIIS1364661304002657.pdf">here</ulink> </para><para> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=cingulate.PNG"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>cingulate.PNG</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>The frontal lobe</title><itemizedlist><listitem override="none"><para>- Superior (red), middle (blue), and medial (greeen on midline) frontal gyri.</para><para> - The inferior frontal gyrus is divided into pars opercularis (pink), pars triangularis (green), and pars orbitalis (yellow)</para><para> - Brodmann area 44 = Broca's area</para><para> - Brodmann area 45/47 = Ventrolateral prefronal cortex (VLPFC)</para><para> - Brodmann areas 9/46 = Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) </para></listitem></itemizedlist><para> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=frontal_lobe.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>frontal_lobe.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=frontal_lobe_Rwhite.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>frontal_lobe_Rwhite.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=brainbrodmannareas_2.gif"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>brainbrodmannareas_2.gif</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>The parietal lobe</title><itemizedlist><listitem override="none"><para>- Brodmann areas 5 (green) and 7 (yellow) = superior parietal lobule</para><para> - Brodmann areas 39 (red) and 40 (blue) = inferior parietal lobule</para><para> - Brodmann area 39 = angular gyrus</para><para> - Brodmann area 40 = supramarginal gyrus</para></listitem></itemizedlist><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=parietal_rend_posterior.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>parietal_rend_posterior.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=parietal_rend_posterior45.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>parietal_rend_posterior45.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=parietal_rend_posterior90.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>parietal_rend_posterior90.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para><para>The Intraparietal sulcus divides superior and inferior lobules (yellow line on picture below) </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=intraparietal_axial.jpg"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>intraparietal_axial.jpg</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>The occipital lobe</title><itemizedlist><listitem override="none"><para>- Brodmann area 17 = primary visual cortex (blue)</para><para> - Brodmann 18 and 19 = secondary cortex (red and green)</para></listitem></itemizedlist><para> <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=occipital_rend_posterior.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>occipital_rend_posterior.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para><para>Structural and functional anatomy related to the visual system: a nice picture (from American Scientist magazine). </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/NeuroanatomyTutorial?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=clip_image001.jpg"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>clip_image001.jpg</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>Links</title><para><ulink url="http://www.radnet.ucla.edu/sections/DINR/index.htm">A very comprehensive neuroanatomy site covering the entire brain: neuroimaging/vasculature/syndromes/pathology and quizzes.</ulink> </para><para><ulink url="http://www9.biostr.washington.edu/da.html">This is an excellent site with MRIs, cadaver brains, and animations of brain structures (and you can quiz yourself!).</ulink> </para><para>The <ulink url="http://psychology.uwo.ca/fmri4newbies">fMRI for Newbies</ulink> site is filled with excellent information, including a <ulink url="http://psychology.uwo.ca/fmri4newbies/BrainAnatomy.html">page on functional anatomy</ulink>. </para><para><ulink url="http://www.spl.harvard.edu/archive/spl-pre2007/pages/papers/AnatomyBrowser/current/models/brain/java/brain.html">Clickable MRI and modelled brain sections yoked together</ulink>.</para><para> Click on Brain or detailed Brain.</para><para> Once you've loaded the brain, read the buttons at the top and experiment a bit to see how they work: 'remove model' and 'cross-reference' are handy places to start. </para><para><ulink url="http://www.sylvius.com/">Site with clickable list of neuroanatomical terms, with pictures</ulink>. </para><para><ulink url="http://www.cma.mgh.harvard.edu/manuals/parcellation/">If you're desperate to know about sulci, this manual with pictures may be helpful</ulink>. </para><para><ulink url="http://psychology.uwo.ca/fmri4newbies/PrimeronCorticalSulci.html">A less comprehensive (and more comprehensible) sulci description</ulink>. </para></section></section></article>