<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC '-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN'  'http://www.docbook.org/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd'><article><articleinfo><title>FAQ/OddsRa</title><revhistory><revision><revnumber>6</revnumber><date>2013-03-08 10:17:58</date><authorinitials>localhost</authorinitials><revremark>converted to 1.6 markup</revremark></revision><revision><revnumber>5</revnumber><date>2009-12-09 10:18:01</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>4</revnumber><date>2007-07-23 15:40:41</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>3</revnumber><date>2007-04-23 15:05:04</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>2</revnumber><date>2007-04-23 14:59:32</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>1</revnumber><date>2007-04-23 14:52:05</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision></revhistory></articleinfo><para>Odds Ratios are useful in summarising the effect size or magnitude of a difference in a 2x 2 table. </para><para>For example </para><informaltable><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colname="col_0" colwidth="17*"/><colspec colname="col_1" colwidth="38*"/><colspec colname="col_2" colwidth="45*"/><tbody><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> <emphasis role="strong">Group</emphasis> </para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para><emphasis role="strong">Sober</emphasis></para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para><emphasis role="strong">Drunk</emphasis></para></entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para>Complied</para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para>106</para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para>9</para></entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para>Refused</para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para>59</para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para>56</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>Odds Ratio = (106/9) / (59/56) = (106x56) / (9x59) = 11.18 </para><para>The compliers were 11 times more likely to be sober than the refusers. </para><para>You can obtain a confidence interval for the odds ratio <ulink url="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/statswiki/FAQ/OddsRa/statswiki/FAQ/oddsr#">using some simple calculations</ulink> or by clicking on risk under statistics in the crosstabs procedure in SPSS.  </para></article>