<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC '-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN'  'http://www.docbook.org/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd'><article><articleinfo><title>FAQ/boot</title><revhistory><revision><revnumber>23</revnumber><date>2013-03-08 10:17:15</date><authorinitials>localhost</authorinitials><revremark>converted to 1.6 markup</revremark></revision><revision><revnumber>22</revnumber><date>2012-03-27 12:07:19</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>21</revnumber><date>2012-03-27 12:06:54</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>20</revnumber><date>2012-03-27 12:06:14</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>19</revnumber><date>2012-03-27 12:05:40</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>18</revnumber><date>2011-12-01 14:40:07</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>17</revnumber><date>2011-12-01 14:39:58</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>16</revnumber><date>2011-12-01 13:52:19</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>15</revnumber><date>2011-12-01 13:48:25</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>14</revnumber><date>2011-12-01 13:48:07</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>13</revnumber><date>2008-09-03 15:36:55</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>12</revnumber><date>2008-09-03 15:36:35</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>11</revnumber><date>2008-09-03 15:36:22</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>10</revnumber><date>2008-09-03 15:35:04</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>9</revnumber><date>2008-04-08 15:35:10</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>8</revnumber><date>2008-04-08 15:34:15</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>7</revnumber><date>2008-04-08 11:42:36</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>6</revnumber><date>2008-04-08 11:39:08</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>5</revnumber><date>2008-04-08 11:37:24</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>4</revnumber><date>2008-04-08 11:32:42</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>3</revnumber><date>2008-04-08 11:32:03</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>2</revnumber><date>2008-04-08 11:31:52</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>1</revnumber><date>2008-04-08 11:31:07</date><authorinitials>PeterWatson</authorinitials></revision></revhistory></articleinfo><section><title>Simulating by sampling with replacement (bootstrapping)</title><para>Consider trying to give a confidence interval for the mean from <ulink url="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/statswiki/FAQ/boot/statswiki/FAQ/boot?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=before.jpg">raw positive skewed data.</ulink> </para><para>One way to achieve this is to bootstrap (Efron and Tibshirani, 1993) and repeatedly sample a large number of times. Sampling 500 times, taking the means of these samples and then repeating this 49 more times creates 50  sample <ulink url="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/statswiki/FAQ/boot/statswiki/FAQ/boot?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=after.jpg">bootstrapped means.</ulink> You can also adapt this to compare medians using this <ulink url="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/statswiki/FAQ/boot/statswiki/FAQ/bootmed#">SPSS syntax.</ulink> </para><para>This distribution is symmetric and, therefore, by taking the 5% and 95% percentiles we obtain a 95% Confidence interval for the sample mean. </para><para>Code is available <ulink url="http://pages.infinit.net/rlevesqu/SampleSyntax.htm#Bootstrap">in SPSS</ulink> and more succinctly <ulink url="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/statswiki/FAQ/boot/statswiki/FAQ/bootR#">in R</ulink> with a stand-alone free program by Howell (2013, p.663) also available for download as a zipped file <ulink url="http://www.uvm.edu/~dhowell/StatPages/Resampling/ResamplingPackage.zip">from here.</ulink> </para><para><emphasis role="underline">References</emphasis> </para><para>See <ulink url="https://lsr-wiki-02.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/statswiki/FAQ/boot/statswiki/FAQ/boot?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=boot.pdf">here.</ulink> </para><para>Efron B. &amp; Tibshirani R.J. (1993), An introduction to the bootstrap, Chapman &amp; Hall. </para><para>Howell DC (2013) Statistical methods for psychology. 8th Edition. International edition. Wadsworth:Belmont,CA. </para></section></article>