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V(b) = the square of $$\frac{0.71sd}{sqrt{n1+n2}}$$ (see [http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/A19196.html here]). Cov(a,b) is assume zero as the groups are independent. | V(b) = the square of $$\frac{0.71sd}{sqrt{n1+n2}}$$ (see [http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/A19196.html here]). If Cov(a,b) is equal to zero as the groups are independent |
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then | we have |
A suggestion for the standard error for Cohen's d
Since from Taylor's series the ratio of two estimates a and b is given as
V(a/b) = $$\frac{\mbox{a}text{2} \mbox{V(b) - 2ab Cov(a,b) + } \mbox{b}text{2} \mbox{V(a)}}{\mbox{b}^text{4}}$$
with, for Cohen's d, a = difference in two group means, $$\bar{x}_text{1}$$ and $$\bar{x}_text{2}$$ with respective sizes n1 and n2 and standard deviations, s1 and s2 and b the pooled standard deviation, sd.
then V(a) = $$ \frac{s1text{2}}{n1} + \frac{s2text{2}}{n2}$$ and V(b) = the square of $$\frac{0.71sd}{sqrt{n1+n2}}$$ (see [http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/A19196.html here]). If Cov(a,b) is equal to zero as the groups are independent
we have
s.e. (Cohen's d) = $$\frac{ (\bar{x}_text{1}-\bar{x}_text{2})text{2} \(\frac{0.71sd}{sqrt{n1+n2}})text{2} + sdtext{2} (\frac{s1text{2}}{n1}+\frac{s2text{2}}{n2}) }{sdtext{4}}$$
In the example of the hospital waiting times $$\bar{x}_text{1}$$=12.08, s1=2.89, n1=480, $$\bar{x}_text{2}$$=16.07, s2=2.98, n2=493 and the (pooled) sd=3.55. Inserting these into the above equation we then get Cohen's d =1.36, s.e.(Cohen's d) = 0.059 giving 95% CI of -1.24, -1.48) compared to (-1.22, -1.50) using Smithson's and the bootstrap.